What the table shows

g = A B C D
0 = 0 0 0 0
1 = 0 0 0 1
2 = 0 0 1 0
3 = 0 0 1 1
4 = 0 1 0 0
5 = 0 1 0 1
6 = 0 1 1 0
7 = 0 1 1 1
g = A B C D
8 = 1 0 0 0
9 = 1 0 0 1
10 = 1 0 1 0
11 = 1 0 1 1
12 = 1 1 0 0
13 = 1 1 0 1
14 = 1 1 1 0
15 = 1 1 1 1

Each column in the numbers shows how many of its weight there are.

Those columns are called place values.

Writing numbers where the only digits are 0 and 1 is called binary.

There are 10 types of people in the world: those that understand binary, and those that don't.

OK